Tresemme Marketing Strategy free essay sample

At the very first time TRESemme was only intended to be distributed within salon for professional hairstylist. But, with the increasing demand from salon and expanded market scope, TRESemme realized their potential market and re-launch as the home haircare product that provided professional salon quality without the salon price. Unlike other affordable haircare product that sells their product in a mainstream way, like having brand ambassador and so forth, TRESemme choose to build partnership with prestigious event and competition to gain the brand awareness from all form of society. TRESemme believe that through making partnership with prestigious events and competition like Asia’s Next Top Model and Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week, customer will believe their quality without worrying the high price. After taken over by Unilever in 2011, TRESemme even gain more success. Their market scope is expanded to Asia and some other countries. They are now competing with various international products, like Pantene, Garnier and so forth. We will write a custom essay sample on Tresemme Marketing Strategy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In 2011, they are having the biggest market share for the shampoo. Realizing that they still have many weaknesses regarding the product range and somehow intimidating bottle size, TRESemme is still having their own spotlight. II. COMPANY BACKGROUND amp; OBJECTIVES TRESemme’s Profile This brand starts of on St. Louis, Missouri on 1974 to be distributed within salon. As time goes by, the product became more popular and realizing the truth that every woman deserves a beautiful hair with affordable price, TRESemme launched their product for public with affordable price. They commit to have a salon quality product that tested by professional stylist but still affordable for everyone. The name â€Å"TRESemme† itself is a wordplay that referred to Edna L. Emme as the spokeperson in haircare industry. Some people also said that â€Å"TRESemme† is a wordplay from â€Å"tres aime† which means â€Å"very liked† in French. In 2011, TRESemme is taken over by Unilever for $3. 7 Billion. After it has taken over, TRESemme expand their range of market to Asia and some other country surrounding. They believe that TRESemme can gain success. Unilever see potentiality in their product and could inline with Unilever’s mission to provide customer’s goods with affordable price. Though TRESemme build partnership with prestigious events and competition, they do not give their customer a high price. The partnership built to prove how qualified they are as a haircare product and to prove that customer can get salon quality hair without going there. The partnership has proven to increase their sales and brand awareness. People like TRESemme and they keep buying it due to its affordable price. TRESemme Mission Statement As a product with a professional stylist’s standard, TRESemme’s mission is to provide the best haircare product that can be afforded by anyone. They believe that everyone deserve the best product that fit their economical ability. Upholding their mission, there are 3 (three) missions that brought by TRESemme, Professional, Affordable, Salon Standard. In the first time of their launching, TRESemme’s tagline is â€Å"Used by Professional†. The tagline is intended to convince customer that TRESemme is not just an ordinary haircare product, but a professional product that can be used at home. It has proven that over 60 years of TRESemme’s existence, there are many professional hairstylist has used it in their salon and satisfied their customer Within their mission, TRESemme also included â€Å"affordable† as one of them. As they believe that every women deserve to have a salon inspired hairstyle, TRESemme also consider the economic ability of each countries and set the most suitable price that can be afforded by everyone and still competitive to compete with their competitor. With such quality and price, TRESemme can gain lots of customer and take over the market really soon. The last mission stated by TRESemme is salon standard. As we know that in 1974 TRESemme start their business as a haircare product for salon. The standard that they uphold of course not a usual standard to make people’s hair look more gorgeous, but to make people’s hair more beautiful and look expensive. Until now that they become a customer goods product, TRESemme still uphold the standard to make their product prestigious for everyone. From customer’s point of view, TRESemme is a success. They fulfilled their mission to provide a qualified haircare product that affordable for everyone. Some hair problem like frizz, hairfall and dandruff can also be treated well by the product. With their salon standard, TRESemme has successed to fulfilled customer’s expectation and gain a big success. III. MARKETING STRATEGY Market Environment According to the Foundation of Marketing book from Pearson, Marketing Environment is the actors and forces outside marketing that affect marketing management’s ability to build and maintain successful relationship with target customers. In the marketing environment we should analyze and consider the Strenghts, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT). Four key components considered in improving the marketing strategy for TRESemme include: PRODUCT TRESemme create a new product which is distinct line of mens haircare, this company also design medium-sized shampoo amp; conditioner bottles to meet the product mix of the competitors, they provide money-back guarantee if the consumer is not satisfied with the product including the Salon Standard tag line in addition to professional. Affordable Salon standard will replace the existing used by professionals and the last that TRESemme used is they allow for products to be purchased on the official TRESemme website salon standard PRICE For the price they maintain competitive prices for consumers (in Indonesia it’s only 16k for 220ml). This is in keeping with the affordable aspect of our brand. Another strategy is TRESemme promote online or instore discounts for consumers who view particular advertisements, and they also provide clearly list prices of products their website PLACE Maintain the availability of the product in salons, pharmacies, department stores amp; supermarkets around the world. TRESemme also provide consumers with a convenient online method of purchasing products to make the customer of TRESemme feel practise, simple, and easy to buy. PROMOTION To promote, the strategy that TRESemme use id first create television commercials that are made in Australia Engage in more frequent celebrity endorsement establish a name for the brand Build relationships with salons in Australia to promote the hair products Include a complementary pump for consumers who buy the large shampoo and conditioner bottles. In Asia they make the promotion by sponsoring the prestige event like Asia Top Model. SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths 1. Professional Products at an affordable price, TREsemme offers high quality but lower in price 2. Used commonly by hair case professional 3. Products are available in large bottle providing value for money 4. Convenient to purchase 5. Large captive target audienceThreaths 1. Other competitors in the market creating more awareness through their advertising 2. Competitors with a greater product mix 3. Constant threat of new competitors 4. Advancement of scientific technology allowing competitors to promote their products as more efffective, or even environmentally friendly| Weaknesses 1. Limited range of products available for men 2. Size of bottles are commented to be intimidatingly large for individual use 3. Breadth and length of TRESemmes product line is not as expansive as other competitors in the market 4. Minimal advertisements online, in magazines, on television and other promotional outlets advertising the brandOpportunities 1. Opportunity to expand the product line and create a men range 2. Sell mid-range sized shampoo and conditioner bottles rather than only 1L and travel sizes 3. Create more awareness of the brand through more advertisements 4. Promote TRESemme through celebrity endorsements| Analyzing Competitors of TRESemme Tresemme is used around the world since 1947, but have recently been present in Indonesia in 2012. For two years establish, the growth of TRESemme has significant increase. It became evident through online research that TRESemme only ever releases television commercials from America. The celebrities and countless other women featured in the commercials are all American. Strategy of TREsemme suggested by Alberto Culver International would be to create television commercials in Indonesia. In anaylsing the Indonesian consumer market, it is evident that the brands who are competing with TRESemme are based in Australia. Subsequently, it would be effective to promote the brand alongside a relatable celebrity. Comparison| TRESemme| L’oreal| Dove| Pantene| Product| Shampoos amp; Conditioners (Gentle, Cleansing, Moisturizing, Naturals, Smoothing, Strength, Volumizing, Waterless, Curls, Color Protection, Deep Cleansing)Hairstyles (Cream amp; Milk, Curls, Hairspray, mousse)| Consumer (skin care, make-up, hair color, hair care), Professional, Luxury Product| Hair care (Shampoo, Conditionare, Treatment Conditionare, Styling Aids)Bar/Body washDeodorantLotion| ShampooConditionareDaily Rinse-off TreatmentLeave-on Treatment| Benefits| Give any tips how to make a beauty hair look like, problem solution of hair, new updated trend hair model, styling tips, forecast beautiful hair in any weather, help women step out with style (community of TREsemme)| make a trend about color id as a their main key, create media center of hair, innovating to reduce the environmental footprint, offer career, have many foundation (the community of L’oreal can join)| Provide article and advice, dove science, social mission, dove offers become a dove insider for their consumer| Providing personal consultaton, Give any tips how to make a beauty hair look and updated trend, offer satisfaction guarantee, have a social events for their consumer and around itself| Price| Start from Rp. 16. 000 for 220ml | Rp 30 000 for 220ml | Rp 24. 000 for 220ml| Rp. 24. 000 for 220ml| IV. CUSTOMER ANALYSIS Unilever customer spending chart Amsterdam Unilever, the worlds second-largest consumer goods company, posted third quarter results that beat analysts estimates, due to higher prices and higher sales in emerging markets, mainly in Brazil, the company reported on Thursday. Unilever, with its strong position in home and personal care, reported that its sales rose 10. 3% to â‚ ¬13. 4 billion in the quarter ended September, compared with the same period last year. As much as 4. 1% of it was created on foreign exchange transactions. The British-Dutch company also reported that its underlying sales grew 5. 9% in the third quarter, while it was up 12. % in emerging markets when compared with the same period a year ago. Revenue in emerging markets delivered another quarter of double-digit growth, taking year-to-date growth to 11. 7%, while developed markets declined in the quarter but are still up 0. 8% year-to-date. Regarding hair cosmetics, TREsemme did well in its traditional markets, made strong headway in Brazil, and has been launched in Indonesia and India. The company also reported that strong growth in laundry reflected volume growth ahead of its markets due to sustained innovation delivery and effective brand communication. Shares of Unilever rose 2. 91% to ? 23. 31 as of 8:41am GMT in London trading. Unilever gain in London is due to purchasing power the high, especially in the home and personal care products. This is due unilever always improve the quality of the product and sell them with a fairly competitive with the famous product. Such as Tresemme, this is hair care product is designed professional, but unilever could sell at affordable prices, so many people are interested in the lower middle class to upper middle class and the purchasing power of these product can be said to soar Indonesian market, because the average Indonesian people already believe that unilever has never issued low-quality product. The Tresemme product can thrive in the Indonesian market. TRESemmes marketing strategy is a success. These days, following the trend many urban female likes to experiencing with their hair styles and the desire of having a salon quality hair treatment product to be use at home every day is increasing. TRESemme is dedicated to creating salon-inspired, and allows the customers to create their own style and experience that salon feeling every day. One of the reasons TRESemmes marketing strategy is working is because of the customers value and money value from their product. They offer a complete line of salon products quality for the customer with an affordable price. Its priced between the entry level bargain brands, such as Unilevers Suave or Albertos own declining VO5, and premium brands Pantene and Fructis. The products that they offer such as shampoo, conditioners, hairspray gels, dry shampoos, mousses, and many more for every type of hair and style such as hair repair for damaged hair, shampoo for colored hair, climate control, etc. Not only providing products for hair treatment, they also have their expertise available online for customers that need help with hair style, and they are also giving tips and advice for instance star hairdressing tips, advice from their stylists, and recommendations. The brand awareness of their product is pretty success. In every advertisement and even in the products they use the line of used by professionals as their tagline or slogan. The professional hair stylish used TRESemmes products in famous fashion shows, photo shoots, and other entertainments shows or events such as Australia’s Next Top Model, Project Runway, and Mercedes Fashion Week in New York that pretty much is the center of fashion world and these deal has big role on the success of TRESemme. In Asia, recently TRESemme were choosen as the product to produce good quality hair for the contestants of fashion reality show, that is Asia’s Next Top Model 2012. Through these kind of shows and professionals using their products the people awareness of the brand is highly increase especially those of them who follow or always watching these kind of fashion reality shows. In Indonesia alone TRESemme just recently got in the country brought by Unilever and they got good responds and feedback from the people. In less than a year they swept other competitors such as Dove. Their products is available in more than 20 countries such as America, Brazil, Spain, Thailand, and Australia, and all give positive enthusiasm. TRESemme blew away the competition in organic sales growth last quarter at 12. 7%, backed by a 20% increase in ad spending. The brand received $56 million in measured media support lin 2010 and $32 million through May of 2011, according to Kantar Media. Mass hair care Brand| Sales| Pantene| $436 million| Garnier Fructis| $221 million| TRESemme| $211 million| Source: SymphonyIRI| TRESemme remained around $10 million behind Garnier in the 52 weeks ended July 11 and had less than half the sales of Pantene. But its been growing faster than either. TRESemme is already the clear leader in hair spray and styling products and was the only of the leading brands to gain share in all four major segments of mass hair care, also including shampoo and conditioner, in the past year in SymphonyIRI data. Market share movement (in percentage points)* 52 weeks ended July Hair spray| Styling| Shampoo| Conditioner| Pantene| -1. 0| -0. 7| +0. 2| +0. 1| Garnier Fructis| +1. 0| -0. 4| -0. 6| -0. 3| TRESemme| +1. 5| +0. 4| +0. 7| +0. 4| Four weeks ended July 11 | Hair spray| Styling| Shampoo| Conditioner| Pantene| -0. 2| +0. 7| +0. 1| +1. 6| Garnier Fructis| +1. 3| +0. 3| -0. 3| -0. 1| TRESemme| +0. 2| Flat| +1. 1| +0. 6| *For daily hair-care categories Shampoo category excludes dandruff shampoo Source: SymphonyIRI| Another story behind the success of TRESemme is because of strategic partnership. TRESemme formed a partnership with ELLE, the number one global fashion magazine. Through the partnership, ELLE and TRESemme, along with CAA Marketing, a division of the leading entertainment and sports agency, will launch Dirty Little Secret a print and digital graphic novel series, which follows the lives of savvy, stylish and single women living in NYC. Through this series people awareness of the brand, again, highly increased. Moreover, the story of the drama is about fashion world, follows new girl in town an aspiring hairstylist and her encounters with some of the most stylish and chic women in the fashion and beauty worlds. The compelling drama also features real life TRESemmes celebrity stylist, Jeanie Syfu. TRESemmes marketing strategy is a success. However, they have weaknesses. They do not have wide range of product line, that is not as expansive in the market as other competitors. The products that are available for men use is also limited. Many people are pleased with the giant size of TRESemme products bottle, but if it is for an individual use purpose the bottle can be intimidating. V. CONCLUSION In summary, Alberto Culver International Corporated has been highly successful in promoting the brand TRESemme. Subsequently its product line has maintained a strong position within the Australian and Indonesia consumer market. Implementation of minor marketing strategical changes suggested from our research will only further provide a successful outlook for professional affordable salon standard. Refrences List http://www. tresemme. com/ http://www. unilever. com/brands-in-action/detail/TRESemm-/292124/ http://www. telegraph. co. uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/8028641/Unilever-buys-TRESemme-maker-Alberto-Culver-for-3. 7bn. html http://adage. com/article/news/marketing-tiny-tresemme-rising-top-hair-care-heap/145573/pn. newsblaze. com/story/2010052515400200001. pnw/topstory. html http://www. prnewswire. com/news-releases/tresemme-and-elle-form-strategic-partnership-for-the-innovative-new-series-dirty-little-secret-95315739. html http://www. loreal. com/_en/_ww/index. aspx?

Project Development and Implementation for Strategic Managers

Project Development and Implementation for Strategic Managers Executive Summary Project management is pivotal to business growth and development. In project management, project selection using a relevant tool is critical. Therefore, project managers should put emphasis on the best tool to use when selecting a project.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Project Development and Implementation for Strategic Managers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is prudent to note that, project cycle should be followed appropriately to ensure the success of the project implemented in handled as stipulated. This paper takes a critical and succinct analysis of three projects and subsequent selection of one project for full implementation. Project 1 Productivity system analysis and management project Productivity system analysis and management project is an online human resource management tool that will be used to analyze and manage employees’ productivity in the company. Purpose and Scop e The purpose of this project is to install an efficient employee productivity analysis and management tool. The project will cover Golden Tools Ltd Company stores in Dubai. Project Executive Summary Productivity system analysis and management is an online human resource management tool used to analyze and manage employees’ productivity. This management tool comprises of software which takes a critical analysis of each employee performance and how to improve it. Project Objective Objective Targets To increase employee productivity in the company Excellent 80%-100% Good 69%-79% Accepted50%-68% To increase customer satisfaction in the company Excellent 80%-100% Good 69%-79% Accepted50%-68% To motivate employees for better performance Excellent 80%-100% Good 69%-79% Accepted50%-68% The project strives to ensure that productivity level is maintained high in the company so that the company continues to reap from the economies of scale associated with efficient and know ledgeable employee. Management Management is pivotal for the success of a project (Deegan 2009). This is because management streamlines the operation and goal of the company towards achieving the prescribed vision. It is prudent to note that, employees play a fundamental role in overall performance of a company.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Project Design Constraints Financial constrain features prominently in this project. Future Contingencies Future technological advancement poses a great challenge to the success of a project (Kotler and Keller 2009). This is because new technology will be required to maintain the desired success of the project. Points of Contact The points of points of contact will include the following Project Manager, System Proponent, User Organization, Quality Assurance (QA) Manager, Security Manager, and Configuration Manager. Project 2 Launch of a new product Project 2 is to launch a new washing detergent product in the market. The product is a house hold consumer product which will change washing forever. Purpose and Scope The purpose of this project is to plan for launching of a new product in the market. The project will cover Golden Tools Ltd Company stores in Dubai, (U.A.E.) before it is rolled to other places around the globe. Project Executive Summary A new washing product is necessary for household. This project will give consumer an opportunity to choose one the washing detergent. Project Objective Objective Targets To increase company profits Excellent 80%-100% Good 69%-79% Accepted50%-68% To increase customer satisfaction in the company Excellent 80%-100% Good 69%-79% Accepted50%-68% The project strives to ensure that the company sells high quality products for great customer satisfactionAdvertising We will write a custom report sample on Project Development and Implementation for Str ategic Managers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Project Design Constraints Financial constrain features prominently in this project. Future Contingencies Stiff competition in the market is the future contingencies. Points of Contact The points of points of contact will include the following Project Manager, System Proponent, User Organization, Quality Assurance (QA) Manager, Security Manager, and Configuration Manager. Project 3 Customer Feedback Software Installation Customer feedback software installation project is managerial software which will monitor customer purchasing trend, reaction and feedback. The information collected is needed for strategic planning. Purpose and Scope The purpose of this project is to install an efficient Customer feedback software installation and management tool. The project will cover Golden Tools Ltd Company stores in Dubai. Project Executive Summary Customer feedback is very important in plan as well prod uct development. In this regard, this project strives to enhance customer data collection for adequate planning. Project Objective Objective targets To increase enhance customer satisfaction Excellent 80%-100% Good 69%-79% Accepted50%-68% To enhance planning in the company Excellent 80%-100% Good 69%-79% Accepted50%-68% Project Design Constraints Customer feedback software installation requires technical knowledge which will ensure that some of the employees are taken for specialized training. Another constrain is timeAdvertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Future Contingencies Future technological innovation may render the current software obsolete. Therefore, continuous upgrade will be necessary. Points of Contact The points of points of contact will include the following Project Manager, System Proponent, User Organization, Quality Assurance (QA) Manager, Security Manager, and Configuration Manager. Project selection Project selection metrics Project 1 ID Project selection metric Supporting document Supporting document Weighted point Awarded points 1 Financial favourability The project measure of financial benefits Financial spreadsheet 15 10 2 Financial Cost The project innovative nature for enhance competition Business case 15 10 3 Organizational advantage Project ability to create new product which generate high profits to the company Visions document 15 12 4 Risk The level of risk the project has to the entire business Project charter 15 10 5 Internal efficiency The project ability to enhance internal operation Proj ect charter 15 10 Total 75 52 Project 2 ID Project selection metric Supporting document Supporting document Weighted point Awarded points 1 Financial favourability The project measure of financial benefits Financial spreadsheet 15 15 2 Financial Cost The project innovative nature for enhance competition Business case 15 14 3 Organizational advantage Project ability to create new product which generate high profits to the company Visions document 15 14 4 Risk The level of risk the project has to the entire business Project charter 15 11 5 Internal efficiency The project ability to enhance internal operation Project charter 15 15 Total 75 69 Project 3 ID Project selection metric Supporting document Supporting document Weighted point Awarded points 1 Financial favourability The project measure of financial benefits Financial spreadsheet 15 10 2 Financial Cost The project innovative nature for enhance competition Business case 15 10 3 Organizational advantage Project ability to create new product which generate high profits to the company Visions document 15 10 4 Risk The level of risk the project has to the entire business Project charter 15 10 5 Internal efficiency The project ability to enhance internal operation Project charter 15 10 Total 75 50 Based on the above project selection metric, project 2 is more viable that the rest since it has high aggregate points on selection metrics. Time Value of Money Time Value of Money play a major role in the analysis of the concept of capital budgeting. The theory of Time Value of Money states that â€Å"having a dollar today is worth having a dollar a tomorrow† (Drury 1996, p. 61). Time factor is significant in the analysis of current and future returns in a business world which surrounded with several risks. WACC The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is a critical element of capital budgeting. According to Drury (1996), â€Å"the Weighted Average Cost of C apital is a measure of how much a business needs to gain on its investments annually to maintain its current overall value†(71). Towards this, entities that offer loans or buy shares will expect a certain amount of return on their investment (Deegan 2009). Internal Rate of Return Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is a process used to find out the return percentage in a new business project that offers future cash flows. In the calculation of IRR, the application of annual projected payments and the initial investment is critical. Capital Budgeting Issues While carrying out capital budgeting, the calculation of the WACC should be done for the business and the calculation of IRR for the project to be undertaken (Reiss 2007). In a situation where the IRR is greater than the WACC, then it is a viable business project and should be pursued. It is prudent to note that, financial theory would recommend pursuing all projects that have an IRR in excess of WACC, but this should be done caut iously. In addition, increasing of a company debt or selling more shares normally alters WACC since the expected return on debt and equity rise. This depicts that some projects that were profitable due to a higher IRR will no longer be viable. Demski (1994) explains that, â€Å"firms should consider the WACC not only on the basis of current return rates, but also on more debt or owners shares† (23). A critical and succinct analysis of Wheel Industries case study reveals a number of financial situations which forms the basis of the recommendation made. Planning for product launch project Research will be carried out to determine the market segment through the use of questionnaires. Purpose This oral tool of data collection gives a deeper insight to the issue in question in certain ways, for example, by giving the participants a channel to voice their challenges and their various ways of dealing with them. Strategy for implementing the project The project will be implemented th rough proper planning and execution of tasks. The use of media and social network sites will be some of the calculated strategies for implementation. Fierce marketing strategies will be implemented prior to product launch to enhance awareness. Innovative TV adverts concerning the new product will be run on several leading TV channels in Dubai. In addition, marketing will also be done on social networks. Media publicity Golden Tools Ltd will invest resources in media publicity and technology as marketing strategy. Advertisements on the Audio visual medium are significant as it gives company an opportunity to flaunt its products. Social media Social networking sites as marketing tools provide a unique experience and feature that can only be taped by exploring the existing diversity. An innovative firm such as Toyota must tap in millions social network users globally. Kotler and Amstrong (2007) highlight that, â€Å"For resources to be in tune with the emerging opportunities there is need for dynamic marketing strategies† (38). Public Involvement Employees and public are quite important in implementation process. In this regard, they will form part of the implementation strategy. Intermediaries Globalization in the retail industry has yielded results due to the platform it has created in consolidation of the worldwide supply base. In the past, a number of international corporations either have shipped parts to their offshore affiliates or have relied on the local supply bases. Segmentation Market segmentation is critical as a paradigm shift in marketing strategy in global retail industry. In this regard, The Company will concentrate in area where it has a great competitive advantage while at the same time penetrating new markets. Target Table Class Social status Occupation Population size(million) % population A Upper Middle CEO, Business owners, Top Professional 5 5 B Middle Professional 30 30 C Lower Middle Clerical, Supervisors 35 35 D Skille d working Semi-skilled 20 20 E Working Casual, low grade 10 10 Project Costing Particulars Cost($000) Marketing 100 VIP product launch 50 Planning 5 Road show promotion 15 Labour 5 Total 175 Timescales for the implementation of the project Product Launch Promotion and selling Road shows TV marketing Online marketing Packaging Product design Planning 1 day 3 days 60days 1 day 10days 2 days 15 days 40 days Period Activity Preceded by Elapsed Planning 1 Product design A 3 Packaging B 60 Online Marketing 1 TV Marketing 10 Road shows CD 2 Product launch F 15 Promotions and selling EG 40 Critical Path Conclusion Project management is a critical process which requires serious planning and implementation of activities. Therefore, it is prudent to carry out a proper project selection using the best method. Similarly, tasks should be carried out on time to ensure that costs are incurred as budgeted. This is because when tasks are carried outside the stipulated time there are cost implications which are incurred. In this regard, the above implementation of the product launch project will strictly follow the time frame for successful implementation. Reference List Deegan, C 2009, Financial accounting theory, 3rd edn, London, McGraw-Hill. Demski, SJ 1994, Managerial uses of accounting information, New York, NY, Springer. Drury, C 1996, Management and Cost Accounting, 4th edn, New York, NY, McGraw Hill/Irwin. Guthrie, J Parker, L 1990, ‘Corporate social disclosure practice’: A comparative international analysis’, Advances in Public Interest Accounting, vol.3, pp. 162. Kotlar, P 2003, ‘Marketing insights from A to Z’, 80 concepts every manager needs to know. New York, NY, John Wiley and Sons. Kotler, P Keller, K 2009, A framework for marketing management. Philadelphia, Pearson International Edition. Ko tler, P Amstrong, P 2007. Principles of Marketing. New York, NY,John Wiley and Sons Reiss, G., 2007, Project management demystified. New York, NY,Routledge,

Property & Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Property & Law - Essay Example nstitutional arrangements by diminishing substantially the role played by the church (or religious institutions more broadly) in shaping human-to-human and human-to-nature interactions† (Norton & Bieri 4). As opposed to medieval scholars, the representatives of humanism studied not the God, but humans, their relations with other people, with the state and the society. Two main directions were developed in socio-political sciences. The first is theoretical justification of a necessity to replace feudal and class inequality with legal equality fixing the right for property ownership, personality protection from religious and feudal tyranny. The second was political ideology of the lower class, predecessor of working class, which was based on the ideas of Utopian socialism. The state submits to society, which in its turn submits to a personality. Only a part of the rights of a personality, which is defined by the attitude of a person to a property is transferred to e government: t he more property, the more political rights, but also the more obligations to the state, which is guarding this property. Failure to provide the abovementioned function makes the government illegal and provides the citizens with the right for opposition. The analysis of a problem of a personality, his/her valuable attitude towards the surrounding reality became the basic principle of scientific researches of this period. Renaissance was characterized by radical reorganization of socio-political and spiritual life. Political knowledge became an autonomous trend, political problems found comprehensive reflection in humanistic literature and caused shifts in the system of political and legal thinking. Integral rights of the personality, which can’t be transferred to the state, were also defined: the rights for life, freedom, equality, property ownership. By the right of property there are essential distinctions between the European and Anglo-American systems. The European system regulation

What key skills do employers want fresh university graduates to have Research Paper

What key skills do employers want fresh university graduates to have - Research Paper Example Now-a-days, the employers are trying to find effective and fresh university graduates to enhance their several business operations. It is important for the fresh graduates to avail effective knowledge and skills in their educational fields to achieve significant employment opportunity. However, the employers usually look for general behaviors and competencies that are important for the successful working. These aspects are often overlooked by the fresh university graduates but these are the basic things that the employers or recruitment officials want to find. Discussion The recruitment officers or the employers generally want ten important skills and competencies from the fresh university graduates. These are communication, commercial awareness, teamwork, problem solving, negotiation and persuasion, leadership, perseverance and motivation, organizations, confidence and ability to work under immense pressure. These ten aspects are discussed below in details. Communication Verbal comm unication and ability to listen are considered as important skills of an employee. Clear, focused and concise communication helps an employee to tailor his or her message for the target audience. On the other hand, listing to the views and suggestions of others can enhance and effective communication process. Clear and concise communication is required in an organization between the employers and employees to reduce the possibilities of conflict. Inadequate communication process can affect the business performance of the organization in several ways (Heneman, 22). Ultimately, it can affect the business performance of the organization. Looking into these mutterers, the employers try to hire fresh university graduates who avail good communication skill. Commercial Awareness Commercial awareness or business awareness is quite important of the fresh university graduates. The recruitment professionals always try to observe the knowledge and awareness level of the applicants during the re cruitment process. According to the employers, effective knowledge about an organization can help an employee to perform in significant way. Teamwork Effective teamwork within the workplace can drive an organization towards successful business performance. The fresh university graduates need to prove that they are effective team player. In addition to this, the fresh university graduates should have the ability to delegate and mange other team members within the workplace (Lipman & Hall, 2008). Effective team management is about developing positive and effective working relationship to achieve professional and personal goals. Problem Solving Problem solving and decision making method is quite important for business operation. Effective problem solving and decision ability of the employees can help an organization to achieve successful business outcome. In addition to this, effective problem solving ability of the employees can help an organization to resolve critical issues during s erious situations. Negotiation and Persuasion Effective negotiation and persuasion process of employees can help them to put forward in their desired ways. In addition to this, effective negotiation and persuasion process helps an employee to understand the background of several unknown individuals (Paper, 2007). This key understanding process and the effective negotiation ability of the employees can help the organization to meet business objectives within quick time period. Leadership It is true that each and every leading organization around the globe is trying to improve and maintain their workplace and

Culture and self-assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Culture and self-assessment - Essay Example They were also forced to settle but still managed to continue with their nomadic way of life with most of them living in Bulgaria and Romania. White christians excluded gypsies from their professions, and they resorted to fortune telling, iron making and trading animals. They also manufactured cheap household goods and sold them. The gypsies value family and both the man and the woman help each other. The man is the head and the woman is the heart of the family. Upbringing of children is a responsibility of all members of the community.The extended family is highly valued, and the family has a power structure and the oldest man in the family has most powers or has authority over the other members. Bringing and handling money was the responsibility of the woman. A romani has three names which are given at birth, after baptism and after second baptism in a Christian church. The first name given at birth and only known to the mother is meant to confuse the evil spirits. The second name given after getting baptized is used within the tribe and the third name is often used when dealing with non-Romas. The gypsy culture is diverse but believes that birth and death are unique and this custom is passed on through the generations. The gypsies live in groups of extended families and travel together providing each other with mutual support and companionship. The extended family is the basis for which work is divided, resources are shared and food is prepared and shared Children are often married off when they are teens, they consider them adults. The gypsies celebrate the birth of newborns and often invest in marriages that are done traditionally. They have high standards of hygiene and consider dogs and cats impure because they lick themselves. Several extended families combined form a nation through and share a traditional origin practising similar

Ethics Of Sex Appeal In Advertising Media Essay

Ethics Of Sex Appeal In Advertising Media Essay This treatise puts forward the reality that advertisements with sexual undertones are remembered over and over again than advertisements that are not. The question to ask though is, how ethical is it to make use of sexual appeals in advertisements? And does sex really sells? Social comparison theory as instigated in 1954 by Festinger is used as the theoretical scaffold in this study as this premise states that individuals who have a longing to appraise their views, judgments and abilities can be satisfied by social comparisons with other people. At the end of this write-up, it attempts to recommend to media and advertising practitioners, that they need to apprise the audience who will be viewing their ads before putting sexual innuendos into their respective advertisement pieces; that they need to recognize the moral intricacy of sexual appeal in advertising and integrate that understanding in their strategic thought and when designing their commercial pieces. Quoting Henthorne and L aTour, (1994) as saying that, as the ethical considerations of society change over time, what is considered appropriate and acceptable in advertising must also change (p.88). Therefore, this study shares the idea of how imperative it is to incessantly reassess what society would consider suitable and consider the full level of consequences of their actions before advertising practitioners start considering what they make out as ethically acceptable. Introduction Every media consumer is alert to sex in advertising. Its pervasive use and misuse are constantly before us, and typically elicit strong criticism (Richmond and Hartland, 1982, p.53). As anyone can see, the employment of sex in advertising has been in our midst for several decades and the reason for it? It works. Advertisements with sexual undertones are remembered over and over again than advertisements that are not. The question to ask though is, how ethical is it to make use of sexual appeals in advertisements? Does sex sell? Actually, sex does not sell, but sexiness does (Cebrzynski, 2000, p. 14). By means of sex appeals in advertising is a good way to aim at specific market segments but not all. Questions like what is identified as sexual appeals in advertising? Where and when should sex be used? Does the use of sexual appeals lead to an advantage for brand remembrance? must be addressed exhaustively. Sex and the Media Today, sex permeates advertising in the United States and in many countries all over the world as contemporary society is extremely fixated with the demonstration of sex in the media as never before. The issue of whether sex sells could be countered by screening the massive quantities of billboards and classified ads which integrate some form of sex appeal or nudity (Pynor, 2004, p. 42). Several reasons have been provided with the use of sexually oriented themes, among them are to achieve product and brand attention, recognition, recall, and sales (Alexander and Judd, 1978, p. 47). Observably, sex is utilized to sell a wide array of products from cars to fashion products, and is meant to attract not only the male customers, but female, consumers as well. The employment of sex as an instrument in advertising can be traced back to the 1800s when the advertising industry noticed the beneficial effect of using degrees of sexuality in their advertising drives. These economic gains include above all else an increase in revenue due to the point of difference that sexual schemes provide for the product. Sometimes, the use of sex also affords shock-value that frequently triggers social debate and helps in the product promotions continuing recall. Author of The Erotic History of Advertising Tom Reichert has this to say Many real-life examples from the 1800s to the present exist to suggest that it has worked, and does work, to inflame not only consumers libidos but their motivations and desires to make purchases. In some cases, sex in advertising contributes to the building of strong, vibrant and long-lasting brands (Reichert, 2003, p. 9). As it is, the incessant use of sex in advertising from the 1800s until these days is a demonstration of the fact that it is an effective tool that works for advertisers. Literature Review Sex Appeal in Advertising Advertising is one of the most prolific and all-encompassing forms of communication in the world (Reichert, 2003, p.20). This type of company to customer communication lifts several concerns about the ethics of advertising because its practice is very convincing and powerful (Treise and Weigold, 1994). Advertising has turned to become an excellent way for business firms to create a positive image for them and for the public to easily adapt to such image. Image creation is a public relations approach that has increasingly aimed young adults and teens because they are not interested on conventional direct advertising (Goodman and Dretzin, 1999), obviously, advertisers target the demographic group of young adults and teens because they account for a huge amount of American consumer spending. The practice of utilizing sex appeal in advertising is nothing new. Sexual images (nudity) can be found in advertisements as far back as the late 1800s and in the early 1900s, it was used to sell soaps, perfumes and creams. These advertisements claimed to transform any woman to become sexier for a mans pleasure and as sex advertising boomed in the 40s and 50s, controversy abound. Until today, a lot of business enterprises find sex appeal as an effective tactic in advertising. When Maidenform bras began to use models with their shirts off, it became the number one bra company and when Jovan fragrance used sexuality to sell its product, company revenues soared from $1.5 million to $77 million in just seven years (Reichert, 2003). In a 1981 study conducted by Reid and Soley, advertisements were more likely to be appealing and immediately recognized if an attractive endorse is used (Severn and Belch, 1990). In another survey, 32% of consumers confessed that there is strong likelihood of them buying a product if it uses an advertisement with strong sexual undertones (Fetto, 2001). Capitalizing on the idea of sex appeal, people sell their products with the notion that such product is for sexy people and to own that specific product can make any person sexy. Such sexiness can be depicted through the clothes being worn, the models poses, the lighting being used in the advertisement, positioning of the models or in their facial expressions, location used, and interaction. Likewise, companies employ this idea to connect the company image with allure and prestige. As it is, sexuality associates brands with sexual activities and increased attractiveness, something desired by consumers (Reichert, 2001/2003). Although the argument that wanton sexual appeals generate off-putting results because of perceptions of disreputable and scheming practices is basic and extremely valid, it also assumes a deliberative, cognitive mechanism. Past research investigations have found that the process of judging whether a persuasive message infringes ethical standards or not demands cognitive effort (Campbell and Kirmani, 2000). Yet end users characteristically spend little time and effort when viewing an ad (Sengupta and Gorn, 2002; Burnett and Moriarty 1998; Kassarjian, 1977). Hence, it is imperative to understand reactions to improper sex appeals under thin slice processing (Ambady, Bernieri, and Richeson, 2000), such as when consumers view ads under constricted cognitive capacity. Without a doubt, unstructured, spur-of-the-moment, uncontrolled responses may be quite different from more cautiously considered responses in the sphere of sex-based advertising. Recent research by Sengupta and Dahl (2008) examined non-deliberative reactions to the gratuitous use of sex in advertising. Men and women in these experiments were placed under high cognitive load while viewing an ad that showed an unequivocal sexual image and a nonsexual image. Unlike previous research that has found that both men and women abhor the gratuitous use of sex in advertising, a gender difference surfaced under constrained conditions, that is, men preferred more the advertisement containing a sexual image (compared to the nonsexual image) whereas women reported considerably adverse mind-sets toward the overtly sexual ad compared to the nonsexual advertisement. Basically, sexual imagery sets off an emotional response or reaction. In other words, viewers are, all things being equal, favorably energized by sexual information (Reichert, 2007, p. 6). With this in mind, advertising organizations employ sex in several different ways to try and convince and influence end users to purchase a product. Individuals seek out and are willing to pay for sexual content in mainstream media (Reichert, 2007, p. 7), an example of this reality is the sale in millions of copies of Cosmopolitan and Maxim each month. These magazines ads have become more competitive and risquà © due to the idea that an ad needs to be noticeable and must draw attention. Some advertisers may push the boundaries of acceptable sexual content because of direct competitive pressure. Certain product marketers utilize a higher proportion of sexual appeals than other marketers because of the nature of the product and the relevance of sex to product benefits (Reichert and Carpenter, 2004). Another approach being used to draw customer attention is the idea that upon purchasing a product, such will make the buyer more sexually attractive, or can have more sex or can have a better sex life (Reichert, 2007), thus, people who are seeking for such qualities are more likely to pay for a product if the ads are sexually evocative. Gender Expression, Sexuality and Advertising This rather outmoded depiction of gender and expression of sexuality continues to be exploited in modern-day advertisements principally because it is an unbeaten prescription that brings in financial incentive and this will continue as long as women believe even if only for a brief moment that acquiring the advertised product will bring them one step closer to attaining the unattainable. As what was pointed out: those who are dissatisfied with their looks, their bodies, their status, make great consumers (Lee, 2003, p. 134). Furthermore, Nancy Etcoff (2000) sums it up well: to tell people not to take pleasure in beauty is like telling them to stop enjoying food or sex or novelty or love. This is an impracticable likelihood because to like and to want is instinctive in human character. Advertisers are intensely conscious of this as they create advertisements filled with representations of dazzling, extremely sensuous women. Women as Primary Focus? For many decades, numerous people believed that women are the major focus of sex appeals employed in advertising, however, this is not necessarily correct. It is true that women look as if they are the target most recognized in sexual appeals, but men have been targeted more recently. If women have often been the targets of sexual advertising, it is because it appears to work in many cases. As it is, sex is a potent and a convenient method of obtaining male attention and making a product desirable and in advertising, it is easy to get a mans attention by using womens bodies and associate it to the idea of getting the women as well if he buys the product (Taflinger, 1996, p.8). The most well known target of women as sexual appeals has been in beer commercials. Usually the ads go something like this a beautiful woman is sitting at a bar and a man comes up and she does not notice him at all. Then he orders a certain kind of beer and all of the sudden, he is desirable to this woman. They then get caught up in the moment and ultimately the man gets this woman (because of the beer). Another example of the man getting the hot woman because of a particular product that supposedly makes the man more desirable to the women is the AXE advertisement. AXE is a body spray for men. In the commercial, the men who use AXE get beautiful women. In fact, AXE is so effective that if in any way you come in contact with this body spray, you will be instantly wanted. There is also a commercial which features an old man getting a young, hot woman because of the AXE effect. Women are exploited repeatedly in advertising as sex appeals. But, some do not become conscious that these advertisements are often aimed at women as well. Victorias Secret is a classic example of this. Advertisers obviously want women to think that if they purchase Victorias Secret products, they could look like those stunning, sexy endorsers on the commercials seen on television or in the print ads. Obviously, these bra and panties are not going to look very good on just anyone, however, at first glance, a woman could think, wow, she looks splendid; I should get that outfit so I can look that good too. In truth, women are not the only focus in sexual appeal advertising. Men play a huge part as well. According to Taflinger (1996), It is rare for advertising to use sex as an appeal for women. Women are often less interested in the sex act itself for its own sake. They are interested in sex for what it can mean in the future. They may enjoy it as much as men, but for them it has far greater significance. Advertising cannot take advantage of a womans instinctive sexual desire because advertisings job is not to build for the future-it is to sell a product now (p. 6). Here, Taflinger attempts to elucidate the fact that women are not interested in sexual appeals on television, rather, they are interested in sex for their future. Although this seems to be correct in some instances, it is questionable when thinking about all of the ads that target men as the sex selling object. Sex Appeal and Product Branding Sex in advertising can also produce positive mind-sets and sentiments about the ad or product brand. Using catchphrases are huge in the industry along with sexual overtones. A popular example is Las Vegass tagline what happens here, stays here (Reichert, 2007). This is very indicative and interesting; people want to go to Vegas so they can find out for themselves what its all about. Sex in advertising is controversial and it is vital to reflect on consumers outlooks and points of view. While many feel there is too much sex in advertising (Treise and Weigold, 1994), most people feel that if sexual commercials are crafted with relevance and aptness, these are more likely to be accepted (Gould, 1994; Treise and Weigold, 1994). Innately, concerns and apprehensions crop up when sex appeal usage are viewed by unintended (Gould, 1994). Similar disquiet appears when advertisers target teens and young adults with these advertisements. There are concerns that these advertisements are venerated by young people and teach these young adults improper conduct (Reichert, 2001). Negative facets of this target audience advertising consist of women idolizing the sexual models being used to endorse a product and compare themselves to the advertisements (Gould, 1994). In a survey, 55.2% of respondents agreed sexual advertisements influence a teens decision to be sexually active (Tre ise and Weigold, 1994). However, the idea in advertising is give and take; the media learns from teens and teens learn from the media (Goodman and Dretzin, 1999). One cannot exclusively say who manipulates whom, so much so that even though end users anxieties arise, sex continues to be used as an powerful advertising approach. Reichert and Carpenter found that the level of sexual advertisements has remained constant from 1993 and 2003; the only thing that had increased was the females level of dressing as it has become more provocative and sometimes offensive (2004, p. 828). It is fascinating to note that some research investigations found the degree of sexuality actually increased over time. Reichert and Carpenter (2004) conducted an extension of a study that evaluated the degree of sex in 1983 and 1993. Magazine advertisements particularly were content analyzed from 2003 and compared with the issues of the previous years. The general outcomes signified that women not only persisted to be represented in a sexual manner, but that the degree of sexuality increased over time. For instance, advertising became extensively more overt from 1983 to 2003 and clothing (or lack of it as the case may be) largely contributed to this. Results revealed that in 1983 only 28% of female models wore sexually explicit clothes. This rose by 75% in 2003 when 49% of models were dressed in sexual attire. Thus, in 2003 virtually half of the models featured were shown with less rather than more clothing to be exact, in 2003 almost 4 out of 5 women who appeared in ads were sugge stively dressed, partially clad, or nude (Reichert and Carpenter, 2004)). Moreover, the images of women that were most sexually explicit were featured in mens magazines. As Linder (2004) found, general interest magazines, such as Time contained the least degree of sexualized images, when compared with magazines aimed predominantly at men and women. The increase of sexuality over time could be associated with the likeness of products that are available today. It is presumed that in 1983 there was not such an immense collection of products available on the market, and therefore did not need to be distinguished from each other to such a great degree. Furthermore, in those years, advertisers were rendered inadequate by the capability of computer graphic technologies. This is definitely not the case today and advertisers frequently resort to stimulating images to make a distinction between similar products. Particularly, according to Reichert and Carpenter, specific merchandise are promoted in a more sexual manner due to the character of the product, such as fragrance and clothing (although clothing is also often used as a means to sexualize other products). Theoretical Framework People are continuously evaluating themselves with others and this is certainly no exception when addressing advertising, particularly among women. According to Stapel and Blanton (2004), an important source of self-knowledge comes from other people. Human beings maintain a sense of who they are by contrasting their own capabilities and characteristics to other people. This so-called social comparison theory was instigated in 1954 by Festinger, who hypothesized that individuals have a longing to appraise their views, judgments and abilities that can be satisfied by social comparisons with other people. Using this premise as a scaffold, many studies have been carried out, predominantly in reference to females which raise the question does advertising take advantage of consumer tendencies to alter their body or image of themselves by creating anxieties and discontent with the self? Relative to its effect on adolescent girls which Martin and Gentry (1997) studied, the answer is yes, advertisers especially of young fashion magazines do exploit this mindset among adolescent girls, who evaluate their physical beauty with that of models in the advertisements. Martin and Gentrys study has proven that, consistent with the social comparison theory, female pre-adolescents and adolescents self-perceptions and self-esteem can be destructively impinged on when self-evaluation takes place. Other studies have suggested that advertising can have a vital role in creating and highlighting a fixation with physical charm (Downs and Harrison, 1985), and may manipulate consumers awareness of what is an adequate level of physical attractiveness (Martin and Kennedy, 1993). This conception of advertisers taking advantage of consumers perception of themselves is unswervingly associated with sex appeal in advertising. Recently, advertisers have endeavored into a contentious area with their use of female sexual images and a focus on distinct body parts, language and sex-role portrayals. These advertisers are profoundly conscious that sex appeal in an advertisement has the capacity to exert a pull on women on the premise of social comparison. In a study conducted by Craik, Clarke, and Kirkup (1998), women who were sensitive of stereotypes and were even aware of the spuriousness of the industry still desperately want to imitate these images. Such is the explanation why advertisers reportedly pay huge amounts of money every year to have their products endorsed by alluring and well-admired women, since their beauty or personality is assumed to add dazzle to the products they promote (Langmeyer and Shank, 1994). Recommendations For media and advertising practitioners, it is important to apprise the audience who will be viewing the ads before putting sexual innuendos into the advertisement piece. Advertisers need to recognize the moral intricacy of sexual appeal in advertising and integrate that understanding in their strategic thought and when designing their commercial pieces. As what Henthorne and LaTour, (1994) stated, as the ethical considerations of society change over time, what is considered appropriate and acceptable in advertising must also change (p.88). Hence, it is imperative to incessantly reassess what society would consider suitable and consider the full level of consequences of their actions before considering for what they make out as ethically acceptable.

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CASE STUDY 1. What are the Inputs, processing and outputs of UPS’s package tracking system? Answer: INPUT: UPS’s package tracking system input is associated with a package that is scan able bar -coded label. The sender scan able label, package destination, the recipient, and the package should arrive Includes detailed information. Users downloaded by UPS or UPS website to access provided by using special software can print their own labels. PROCESSING: Package is raised before, scan able bar -coded label data Mahwah, New Jersey, or Alpharetta, Georgia, one of the centers in the UPS has transferred to the computer and sent to its final destination the closest distribution center goes. Label in the center dispatchers and traffic data downloaded every driver to know that the most efficient delivery route using special software to create, season, and location of each stop. A delivery information acquisition device (DIAD), a handheld computer, the way his or her day Free UPS enables drivers. DIAD also automatically sign users grab information as well as pickup and delivery. Package tracking information from UPS for the storage and processing is transferred to the computer network. At various points along the way from sender to receiver, bar code equipment package label and the progress of the package of Central computer data feed is used to scan shipping information. OUTPUT: UPS computer network information about users to provide delivery information or to answer customer questions can be accessed worldwide. Customer service representatives connected to the central computer, desktop computer, check the status of any package to customer inquiries and are able to respond quickly. UPS, users have their own computers or wireless devices... ...ollection options include receiving payments or can be very helpful and billing options as a business which can reduce the cost of shipping plus any third- party receiver and Shipper billed to other parties (receiver or any other person). Shipper -receiver only shipping costs or any other country in which a third party pays the duties and taxes paid to Shipper pays the duties and taxes are the options for international billing options can reduce the cost of business just for the shipping costs . Transactions with other businesses worldwide to make business easier and to get a business that can target market. Shipping cost analyzes and cost of such reports , management reports and reports as Freight generates reports , the download is available for download business analysis tool is also . This tool for accountants in business a long time and can save a lot of effort