US Budget Deficit History

The budget deficit is the difference between the money the federal government takes in, called receipts, and what it spends, called outlays  each year. The U.S. government has run a multibillion-dollar deficit almost every year in modern history, spending much more than it takes in. The opposite of a budget deficit, a budget surplus, occurs when the government’s revenue exceeds current expenditures resulting in an excess of money that can be used as needed. In fact, the government has recorded budget  surpluses in only five years since 1969, most of them under Democratic President Bill Clinton.   In all-too-rare times when revenue equals spending, the budget is called â€Å"balanced.†Ã‚   Adds to National Debt Running a budget deficit adds to the national debt and, in the past, has forced Congress to increase the debt ceiling under numerous presidential administrations, both Republican and Democrat, to allow the government to meet its statutory obligations. Although federal deficits have shrunk markedly in recent years, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) projects that under current law increased spending for Social Security and major health care programs, like Medicare, along with increasing interest costs will cause the national debt to rise steadily over the long term. The larger deficits would cause federal debt to grow faster than the economy. By 2040, the CBO projects, the national debt will be more than 100% of the nation’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and continue on an upward path— â€Å"a trend that cannot be sustained indefinitely,† notes the CBO.   Notice particularly the sudden jump in the deficit from $162 billion in 2007, to $1.4 trillion in 2009. This increase was due primarily to spending for special, temporary government programs intended to re-stimulate the economy during the great recession of that period. Budget deficits eventually tapered back down into the billions by 2013. But in August 2019, the CBO predicted the deficit would again surpass $1 trillion in 2020—three years earlier than it had originally expected. Here is the actual and projected budget deficit or surplus by fiscal year, according to CBO data for modern history. 2029 - $1.4 trillion budget deficit (projected)2028 - $1.5 trillion budget deficit (projected)2027 - $1.3 trillion budget deficit (projected)2026 - $1.3 trillion budget deficit (projected)2025 - $1.3 trillion budget deficit (projected)2024 - $1.2 trillion budget deficit (projected)2023 - $1.2 trillion budget deficit (projected)2022 - $1.2 trillion budget deficit (projected)2021 -  $1 trillion budget deficit (projected)2020 - $1  trillion budget deficit (projected)2019 - $960  billion budget deficit (projected)2018 - $779  billion budget deficit2017 - $665  billion budget deficit2016 - $585  billion budget deficit2015 - $439  billion budget deficit2014 - $514 billion budget deficit2013 - $719 billion budget deficit2012 - $1.1 trillion budget deficit2011 - $1.3 trillion budget deficit2010 - $1.3 trillion budget deficit2009 - $1.4 trillion budget deficit2008 - $455 billion budget deficit2007 - $162 billion budget deficit2006 - $248.2 billion budget deficit2005 - $319 billi on budget deficit2004 - $412.7 billion budget deficit2003 - $377.6 billion budget deficit2002 - $157.8 billion budget deficit2001 - $128.2 billion budget surplus2000 - $236.2 billion budget surplus1999 - $125.6 billion budget surplus1998 - $69.3 billion budget surplus1997 - $21.9 billion budget deficit1996 - $107.4 billion budget deficit1995 - $164 billion budget deficit1994 - $203.2 billion budget deficit1993 - $255.1 billion budget deficit1992 - $290.3 billion budget deficit1991 - $269.2 billion budget deficit1990 - $221 billion budget deficit1989 - $152.6 billion budget deficit1988 - $155.2 billion budget deficit1987 - $149.7 billion budget deficit1986 - $221.2 billion budget deficit1985 - $212.3 billion budget deficit1984 - $185.4 billion budget deficit1983 - $207.8 billion budget deficit1982 - $128 billion budget deficit1981 - $79 billion budget deficit1980 - $73.8 billion budget deficit1979 - $40.7 billion budget deficit1978 - $59.2 billion budget deficit1977 - $53.7 billion b udget deficit1976 - $73.7 billion budget deficit1975 - $53.2 billion budget deficit1974 - $6.1 billion budget deficit1973 - $14.9 billion budget deficit1972 - $23.4 billion budget deficit1971 - $23 billion budget deficit1970 - $2.8 billion budget deficit1969 - $3.2 billion budget surplus Deficit as a Percent of GDP To put the federal deficit into proper perspective, it must be viewed in terms of the government’s ability to pay it back. Economists do this by comparing the deficit to Gross Domestic Product (GDP)—the measure of the overall size and strength of the U.S. economy. This â€Å"debt-to-GDP ratio† is a ratio between the cumulative government debt and the GDP over time. A low debt-to-GDP ratio indicates that the nation’s economy is producing and selling enough goods and services to pay back the federal deficit without incurring further debt. In simple terms, a larger economy can sustain a larger budget, and thus a larger budget deficit. According to the Senate Budget Committee, in the fiscal year 2017, the federal deficit was 3.4% of GDP. For the fiscal year 2018, when the U.S. government operated under its largest budget in history, the deficit was estimated to be 4.2% of GDP.  Remember, the lower the debt-to-GDP percentage, the better. Clearly, the more you spend, the harder it is to pay back your debts.

Essay on The Arrogance and Hubris of Oedipus and Creon

In ‘Antigone†, Ismene says, â€Å"To them that walk in power; to exceed is madness, and not wisdom†. Her statement makes it clear, those who â€Å"walk in power†, allow it to corrupt them. Throughout the history of humanity there has been a correlation between those who have excessive power and corruption. Webster’s Dictionary defines corruption as, â€Å"impairment of integrity, virtue, or moral principle†. In the story of Antigone the tragic hero Creon, shows all of the common characteristics of corruption. Before one can analysis the character of Creon they would first have to look at the story of Oedipus the King. In Oedipus the King, a plague has fallen upon the city of Thebes. Forced to take action Oedipus sends Creon to the oracle in†¦show more content†¦In the scene where Oedipus sends for Tiresias, the blind prophet, Tiresias says to him, â€Å"So, you mock my blindness? Let me tell you this. You with your precious eyes, you’re blind to the corruption of your life† (Oedipus Rex Line 468). It is pretty ironic actually, that a blind man can clearly see Oedipus’s corruption when, Oedipus himself is left unaware. In most cases of hubris behavior the individual believes they are so prideful, they actually believe they’re on the same level with God. It is clear that Oedipus has the same perspective of his life, and of his power. Hubris behavior is a tragic flaw, in which the individual is only setting themselves up in order to fall. In one scene Oedipus says, â€Å"You pray to Gods? Let me grant your prayers† (Oedipus Rex, 245). From this quote it is clear Oedipus believes he is on the same level with God. The position and power, as the King has gone to his head. He wants to be worshiped, and in being worshiped he will grant the wishes and prayers of the people. In Oedipus Rex, Oedipus believes Tiresias and Creon are working together to overthrow him. During this time Creon gives a prolonged speech, how he doesn’t want to be the King, but in Antigone, Creon is seen as a unswaying sovereign, unwilling to listen to anyone. Creon is likewise blinded by his own corruption. His excessive pride gets the best of him. Antigone, Haemon, and Tiresias warn CreonShow MoreRelatedThe Tragedy of Sophocles Antigone956 Words   |  4 PagesThe Tragedy of Antigone nbsp;In the story of Antigone, Oedipus has already died, his two sons. Polyneices and Eteocles, left to contend for the throne of Thebes. In their contention for the throne, the two brothers slay one another, leaving Creon once again to be the acting regent of Thebes. With this power, Creon declares that Polyneices must be left to rot on the battlefield, the highest disgrace to any Greek. Antigone, daughter of Oedipus, is left torn between state of family, and in the end,Read MoreThe Theme of Hubris in Ancient Greek Mythology and Literature681 Words   |  3 PagesHubris is a very popular theme in Greek mythology. Hubris was a very important moral concept to the Greeks. Committing hubris was a very serious crime. Hubris is defined as having extreme pride or arrogance. Pride became hubris when it became all consuming or hurtful to others. Other actions that were seen as hubris were acting as if you were equal or more powerful than the gods, or trying to defy them. Hubris was a severe crime that deserved a serious punishment, and it was the downfall of manyRead MoreReview Of Oedipus Rex 1267 Words   |  6 PagesRole of Hubris in Determining Fate Hubris is a Greek term which means excessive pride toward or defiance of the gods. In Oedipus Rex by Sophocles, Oedipus and his biological parents, Laius and Jocasta, were overcome by hubris and attempted to outsmart the gods,using what little knowledge is available to us humans, in an effort to escape their own fate. Along with hubris, Oedipus posses hamartia. Hamartia is a tragic flaw. In Oedipus’s case, his flaw is extreme pride and determination. Oedipus and JocastaRead More Comparing Hubris in Antigone and Oedipus Essay1052 Words   |  5 PagesHubris in Antigone and Oedipus      Ã‚  Ã‚   The idea of hubris is monumental in a plethora of Greek mythological works. In many ways the excessive pride of certain characters fuels their own destruction. This is certainly true with respect to the characters of Pentheus, Antigone, and Oedipus. All three of these characters demonstrate, through their actions, various degrees of arrogance that seem to undercut the traditional role of the Gods, and thus largely contribute to their downfall. However, itRead MoreComparing Creon, Antigone, And Oedipus1318 Words   |  6 Pagesand determination; however, success is discarded by personal gain. Creon, Antigone, and Oedipus have different personalities and roles, but they also share similarities. Oedipus and Creon were two different types of rulers where the transition into power had effected them and had an infringement of prophecies. While Antigone was never in a leadership role all three show acts of pride she has some similarities with Creon and Oedipus in the fight wit hin oneself. The pride allows civil laws to be createdRead MoreOedipus The King Essay1360 Words   |  6 Pagesby the emotional discharging brought about by the suffering of a heroic figure. In Oedipus The King, by Sophocles, the agony of pain attacking the protagonist is a result of his tragic flaw. Sophocles often uses a characters hamartia to alter or influence the future or outcome of the hero, in this case, Oedipus. Oedipus hubris traps him into fulfilling the vision and intensifies his punishment. Oedipus pride is an inherited characteristic. Even before his glory and power as King of ThebesRead MorePride And Stubbornness In Oedipus Rex And Antigone By Sophocles1111 Words   |  5 Pagescharacter flaws. In Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex and Antigone, pride and stubbornness obstruct the senses of Oedipus and Creon in a classic play about seeing the truth. Sophocles delves into the meaning of seeing, in a conventional way, and also in terms of insight. Pride in itself is a good character trait: pride in your country; pride in your heritage; pride in yourself. However, excessive pride, hubris, can lead to stubbornness and often actions in violation to the Gods. Oedipus was royalty by birth, butRead MoreOedipus The King And Oedipus At Colonus1567 Words   |  7 PagesThe role of hubris, a theme commonly present throughout the works of Sophocles and particularly evident in Oedipus the King and Oedipus at Colonus, not only exalts the Greek nationalism present at the date of composition but dictates the course of the story, evolving as its tragic hero works through his fated anguish. Hubris, defined as exaggerated pride or self-confidence, is the earmark character trait of Oedipus and perhaps Creon. However, it is the abandonment of his sanctimonious nature thatRead MoreOedipus Rex Vs. Antigone1417 Words   |  6 PagesDaniel Nierenberg Comparative Essay 11-20-01 Oedipus Rex Antigone It is only natural that an author use similar ves sels of literature, such as figurative language, literary devices, and elements in his/her work. It is even more apparent between works that are connected by character, time, and theme. Sophocles did this when he wrote Oedipus Rex and Antigone. When comparing the two pieces, it becomes evident that very similar vessels connected these very different plays. Sophocles uses aRead MoreThe Characters Of Oedipus Rex By Sophocles973 Words   |  4 PagesMaya Fleischer Ms. Hampson World Lit II CPA 11/7/17 Oedipus Essay Whether positive or negative, individuals have various characteristics that define them. Many people struggle to find a balance between confidence and arrogance. Oedipus, King Laius, and Queen Jocasta fall into this category, as they all possess this character flaw. Throughout Oedipus Rex by Sophocles, these characters make decisions based on what is best for themselves. Sometimes putting yourself before others is necessary for

Being a Man Rhetorical Analysis Free Essays

Being a Man, by Paul Theroux, delineates the negative effects of being a man According to himself. Theroux, in his piece, argues that a man is oppressed by gender expectations, despite living in a society where women are belittled in comparison to men. Theroux attempts to explain the gap between genders which cause bad marriages, social misfits, moral degenerates, sadists, and latent rapists. We will write a custom essay sample on Being a Man: Rhetorical Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Theroux proposes that the idea of manhood in America has caused some men to feel like they dislike being a men, and caused them to reject part of their own identity deep down inside. His overall purpose it to bring awareness to both genders that an oppression is happening to American society due to gender. Theroux tries to create understanding between the two opposing genders and find common ground against the same type of oppression both genders face, â€Å"This version of masculinity is a little like having to wear an ill-fitting coat for one’s entire life (by contrast, I imagine femininity to be an oppressive sense of nakedness)†. Theroux uses parenthetical comments in order to widen the range of theme to his essay. He not only writes about man, but about women to and how they both have become affected by the gender constructs put in place from living in an American society. This allows his target audience (both men and women) to become understanding of his purpose in the essay. Not only are men able to relate, but women to as they are remembered in the fact that they face the same oppression as the one described by Theroux. This rhetorical effect is repeated to reemphasize Theroux’s purpose, â€Å"(The paradox in American letters is that it has always been easier for a woman to write and for a man to be published)† Theroux is able to not only give the message that the gender constructs oppresses only men, but also women, gender in general for that matter. Theroux is able to successfully convey his message (to both genders) that this society is harmful to both genders. Theroux appeals to the audience’s sense of emotion as he applies his arguments soundly to gender oppression, an emotion felt with both members to his target audience. His argument is that gender constructs lead to an oppression that leaves one feeling a displeasure with their own identity. This feeling of self-loathing appeals to people’s sense of emotion. This appeal allows the readers to engage and relate, which captivates them into realizing Theroux’s message. Theroux is effective in his proper use of pathos without having to consult much with the author branches of persuasion, credibility and logic. Personally I am not able to relate much with the American gender construct. Seeing as I was raised in a more Mexican household, I was raised to believe in a stricter gender construct. One that doesn’t apply much to Theroux’s description of the male gender construct setup by American society. Mine has roots in a one that emphasizes absolute respect for women and realizing that her body is nothing less than sacred. You’d think that this would be a better way of thinking, but this kind of thinking still implies that a woman is in need of more respect, which creates a kind of sexual inequality. Although making sense and persuading me in his argument, I was not able to relate to his argument, which was part of his purpose. How to cite Being a Man: Rhetorical Analysis, Papers

APUSH CH. 13 Essay Questions free essay sample

1. The presidential campaign for Andrew Jackson had started early—on February 9, 1825, the day of John Quincy Adams’s controversial election by the House—and it continued noisily for nearly four years. Even before the election of 1828, the temporarily united Republicans of the Era of Good Feelings had split into two camps. One was the National Republicans, with Adams as their standard-bearer. The other was the Democratic-Republicans, with the fiery Jackson heading their ticket. Rallying cries of the Jackson zealots were â€Å"Bargain and Corruption,’’ â€Å"Huzza for Jackson,’’ and â€Å"All Hail Old Hickory.’’ Jacksonites planted hickory poles for their hickory-tough hero; Adamsites adopted the oak as the symbol of their oakenly independent candidate. Jackson’s followers presented their hero as a rough-hewn frontiersman and a stalwart champion of the common man. They denounced Adams as a corrupt aristocrat and argued that the will of the people had been thwarted in 1825 by the backstairs â€Å"bargain’’ of Adams and Clay. We will write a custom essay sample on APUSH CH. 13 Essay Questions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The only way to right the wrong was to seat Jackson, who would then bring about â€Å"reform’’ by sweeping out the â€Å"dishonest’’ Adams gang. Much of this talk was political hyperbole. Jackson was no frontier farmer but a wealthy planter. He was born in a log cabin but now lived in a luxurious manor off the labor of his many slaves. And Adams, though perhaps an aristocrat, was far from corrupt. If anything, his puritanical morals were too elevated for the job. Mudslinging reached new lows in 1828, and the electorate developed a taste for bare-knuckle politics. Adams would not stoop to gutter tactics, but many of his backers were less squeamish. They described Jackson’s mother as a prostitute and his wife as an adulteress; they printed black-bordered handbills shaped like coffins, recounting his numerous duels and brawls and trumpeting his hanging of six mutinous militiamen. Jackson men also hit below the belt. President Adams had purchased, with his own money and for his own use, a billiard table and a set of chessmen. In the mouths of rabid Jacksonites, these items became â€Å"gaming tables’’ and â€Å"gambling furniture’’ for the â€Å"presidential palace.’’ Criticism was also directed at the large sums Adams had received over the years in federal salaries, well earned though they had been. He was even accused of having procured a servant girl for the lust of the Russian tsar—in short, of having served as a pimp. On voting day the electorate split on largely sectional lines. Jackson’s strongest support came from the West and South.

Tresemme Marketing Strategy free essay sample

At the very first time TRESemme was only intended to be distributed within salon for professional hairstylist. But, with the increasing demand from salon and expanded market scope, TRESemme realized their potential market and re-launch as the home haircare product that provided professional salon quality without the salon price. Unlike other affordable haircare product that sells their product in a mainstream way, like having brand ambassador and so forth, TRESemme choose to build partnership with prestigious event and competition to gain the brand awareness from all form of society. TRESemme believe that through making partnership with prestigious events and competition like Asia’s Next Top Model and Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week, customer will believe their quality without worrying the high price. After taken over by Unilever in 2011, TRESemme even gain more success. Their market scope is expanded to Asia and some other countries. They are now competing with various international products, like Pantene, Garnier and so forth. We will write a custom essay sample on Tresemme Marketing Strategy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In 2011, they are having the biggest market share for the shampoo. Realizing that they still have many weaknesses regarding the product range and somehow intimidating bottle size, TRESemme is still having their own spotlight. II. COMPANY BACKGROUND amp; OBJECTIVES TRESemme’s Profile This brand starts of on St. Louis, Missouri on 1974 to be distributed within salon. As time goes by, the product became more popular and realizing the truth that every woman deserves a beautiful hair with affordable price, TRESemme launched their product for public with affordable price. They commit to have a salon quality product that tested by professional stylist but still affordable for everyone. The name â€Å"TRESemme† itself is a wordplay that referred to Edna L. Emme as the spokeperson in haircare industry. Some people also said that â€Å"TRESemme† is a wordplay from â€Å"tres aime† which means â€Å"very liked† in French. In 2011, TRESemme is taken over by Unilever for $3. 7 Billion. After it has taken over, TRESemme expand their range of market to Asia and some other country surrounding. They believe that TRESemme can gain success. Unilever see potentiality in their product and could inline with Unilever’s mission to provide customer’s goods with affordable price. Though TRESemme build partnership with prestigious events and competition, they do not give their customer a high price. The partnership built to prove how qualified they are as a haircare product and to prove that customer can get salon quality hair without going there. The partnership has proven to increase their sales and brand awareness. People like TRESemme and they keep buying it due to its affordable price. TRESemme Mission Statement As a product with a professional stylist’s standard, TRESemme’s mission is to provide the best haircare product that can be afforded by anyone. They believe that everyone deserve the best product that fit their economical ability. Upholding their mission, there are 3 (three) missions that brought by TRESemme, Professional, Affordable, Salon Standard. In the first time of their launching, TRESemme’s tagline is â€Å"Used by Professional†. The tagline is intended to convince customer that TRESemme is not just an ordinary haircare product, but a professional product that can be used at home. It has proven that over 60 years of TRESemme’s existence, there are many professional hairstylist has used it in their salon and satisfied their customer Within their mission, TRESemme also included â€Å"affordable† as one of them. As they believe that every women deserve to have a salon inspired hairstyle, TRESemme also consider the economic ability of each countries and set the most suitable price that can be afforded by everyone and still competitive to compete with their competitor. With such quality and price, TRESemme can gain lots of customer and take over the market really soon. The last mission stated by TRESemme is salon standard. As we know that in 1974 TRESemme start their business as a haircare product for salon. The standard that they uphold of course not a usual standard to make people’s hair look more gorgeous, but to make people’s hair more beautiful and look expensive. Until now that they become a customer goods product, TRESemme still uphold the standard to make their product prestigious for everyone. From customer’s point of view, TRESemme is a success. They fulfilled their mission to provide a qualified haircare product that affordable for everyone. Some hair problem like frizz, hairfall and dandruff can also be treated well by the product. With their salon standard, TRESemme has successed to fulfilled customer’s expectation and gain a big success. III. MARKETING STRATEGY Market Environment According to the Foundation of Marketing book from Pearson, Marketing Environment is the actors and forces outside marketing that affect marketing management’s ability to build and maintain successful relationship with target customers. In the marketing environment we should analyze and consider the Strenghts, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT). Four key components considered in improving the marketing strategy for TRESemme include: PRODUCT TRESemme create a new product which is distinct line of mens haircare, this company also design medium-sized shampoo amp; conditioner bottles to meet the product mix of the competitors, they provide money-back guarantee if the consumer is not satisfied with the product including the Salon Standard tag line in addition to professional. Affordable Salon standard will replace the existing used by professionals and the last that TRESemme used is they allow for products to be purchased on the official TRESemme website salon standard PRICE For the price they maintain competitive prices for consumers (in Indonesia it’s only 16k for 220ml). This is in keeping with the affordable aspect of our brand. Another strategy is TRESemme promote online or instore discounts for consumers who view particular advertisements, and they also provide clearly list prices of products their website PLACE Maintain the availability of the product in salons, pharmacies, department stores amp; supermarkets around the world. TRESemme also provide consumers with a convenient online method of purchasing products to make the customer of TRESemme feel practise, simple, and easy to buy. PROMOTION To promote, the strategy that TRESemme use id first create television commercials that are made in Australia Engage in more frequent celebrity endorsement establish a name for the brand Build relationships with salons in Australia to promote the hair products Include a complementary pump for consumers who buy the large shampoo and conditioner bottles. In Asia they make the promotion by sponsoring the prestige event like Asia Top Model. SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths 1. Professional Products at an affordable price, TREsemme offers high quality but lower in price 2. Used commonly by hair case professional 3. Products are available in large bottle providing value for money 4. Convenient to purchase 5. Large captive target audienceThreaths 1. Other competitors in the market creating more awareness through their advertising 2. Competitors with a greater product mix 3. Constant threat of new competitors 4. Advancement of scientific technology allowing competitors to promote their products as more efffective, or even environmentally friendly| Weaknesses 1. Limited range of products available for men 2. Size of bottles are commented to be intimidatingly large for individual use 3. Breadth and length of TRESemmes product line is not as expansive as other competitors in the market 4. Minimal advertisements online, in magazines, on television and other promotional outlets advertising the brandOpportunities 1. Opportunity to expand the product line and create a men range 2. Sell mid-range sized shampoo and conditioner bottles rather than only 1L and travel sizes 3. Create more awareness of the brand through more advertisements 4. Promote TRESemme through celebrity endorsements| Analyzing Competitors of TRESemme Tresemme is used around the world since 1947, but have recently been present in Indonesia in 2012. For two years establish, the growth of TRESemme has significant increase. It became evident through online research that TRESemme only ever releases television commercials from America. The celebrities and countless other women featured in the commercials are all American. Strategy of TREsemme suggested by Alberto Culver International would be to create television commercials in Indonesia. In anaylsing the Indonesian consumer market, it is evident that the brands who are competing with TRESemme are based in Australia. Subsequently, it would be effective to promote the brand alongside a relatable celebrity. Comparison| TRESemme| L’oreal| Dove| Pantene| Product| Shampoos amp; Conditioners (Gentle, Cleansing, Moisturizing, Naturals, Smoothing, Strength, Volumizing, Waterless, Curls, Color Protection, Deep Cleansing)Hairstyles (Cream amp; Milk, Curls, Hairspray, mousse)| Consumer (skin care, make-up, hair color, hair care), Professional, Luxury Product| Hair care (Shampoo, Conditionare, Treatment Conditionare, Styling Aids)Bar/Body washDeodorantLotion| ShampooConditionareDaily Rinse-off TreatmentLeave-on Treatment| Benefits| Give any tips how to make a beauty hair look like, problem solution of hair, new updated trend hair model, styling tips, forecast beautiful hair in any weather, help women step out with style (community of TREsemme)| make a trend about color id as a their main key, create media center of hair, innovating to reduce the environmental footprint, offer career, have many foundation (the community of L’oreal can join)| Provide article and advice, dove science, social mission, dove offers become a dove insider for their consumer| Providing personal consultaton, Give any tips how to make a beauty hair look and updated trend, offer satisfaction guarantee, have a social events for their consumer and around itself| Price| Start from Rp. 16. 000 for 220ml | Rp 30 000 for 220ml | Rp 24. 000 for 220ml| Rp. 24. 000 for 220ml| IV. CUSTOMER ANALYSIS Unilever customer spending chart Amsterdam Unilever, the worlds second-largest consumer goods company, posted third quarter results that beat analysts estimates, due to higher prices and higher sales in emerging markets, mainly in Brazil, the company reported on Thursday. Unilever, with its strong position in home and personal care, reported that its sales rose 10. 3% to â‚ ¬13. 4 billion in the quarter ended September, compared with the same period last year. As much as 4. 1% of it was created on foreign exchange transactions. The British-Dutch company also reported that its underlying sales grew 5. 9% in the third quarter, while it was up 12. % in emerging markets when compared with the same period a year ago. Revenue in emerging markets delivered another quarter of double-digit growth, taking year-to-date growth to 11. 7%, while developed markets declined in the quarter but are still up 0. 8% year-to-date. Regarding hair cosmetics, TREsemme did well in its traditional markets, made strong headway in Brazil, and has been launched in Indonesia and India. The company also reported that strong growth in laundry reflected volume growth ahead of its markets due to sustained innovation delivery and effective brand communication. Shares of Unilever rose 2. 91% to ? 23. 31 as of 8:41am GMT in London trading. Unilever gain in London is due to purchasing power the high, especially in the home and personal care products. This is due unilever always improve the quality of the product and sell them with a fairly competitive with the famous product. Such as Tresemme, this is hair care product is designed professional, but unilever could sell at affordable prices, so many people are interested in the lower middle class to upper middle class and the purchasing power of these product can be said to soar Indonesian market, because the average Indonesian people already believe that unilever has never issued low-quality product. The Tresemme product can thrive in the Indonesian market. TRESemmes marketing strategy is a success. These days, following the trend many urban female likes to experiencing with their hair styles and the desire of having a salon quality hair treatment product to be use at home every day is increasing. TRESemme is dedicated to creating salon-inspired, and allows the customers to create their own style and experience that salon feeling every day. One of the reasons TRESemmes marketing strategy is working is because of the customers value and money value from their product. They offer a complete line of salon products quality for the customer with an affordable price. Its priced between the entry level bargain brands, such as Unilevers Suave or Albertos own declining VO5, and premium brands Pantene and Fructis. The products that they offer such as shampoo, conditioners, hairspray gels, dry shampoos, mousses, and many more for every type of hair and style such as hair repair for damaged hair, shampoo for colored hair, climate control, etc. Not only providing products for hair treatment, they also have their expertise available online for customers that need help with hair style, and they are also giving tips and advice for instance star hairdressing tips, advice from their stylists, and recommendations. The brand awareness of their product is pretty success. In every advertisement and even in the products they use the line of used by professionals as their tagline or slogan. The professional hair stylish used TRESemmes products in famous fashion shows, photo shoots, and other entertainments shows or events such as Australia’s Next Top Model, Project Runway, and Mercedes Fashion Week in New York that pretty much is the center of fashion world and these deal has big role on the success of TRESemme. In Asia, recently TRESemme were choosen as the product to produce good quality hair for the contestants of fashion reality show, that is Asia’s Next Top Model 2012. Through these kind of shows and professionals using their products the people awareness of the brand is highly increase especially those of them who follow or always watching these kind of fashion reality shows. In Indonesia alone TRESemme just recently got in the country brought by Unilever and they got good responds and feedback from the people. In less than a year they swept other competitors such as Dove. Their products is available in more than 20 countries such as America, Brazil, Spain, Thailand, and Australia, and all give positive enthusiasm. TRESemme blew away the competition in organic sales growth last quarter at 12. 7%, backed by a 20% increase in ad spending. The brand received $56 million in measured media support lin 2010 and $32 million through May of 2011, according to Kantar Media. Mass hair care Brand| Sales| Pantene| $436 million| Garnier Fructis| $221 million| TRESemme| $211 million| Source: SymphonyIRI| TRESemme remained around $10 million behind Garnier in the 52 weeks ended July 11 and had less than half the sales of Pantene. But its been growing faster than either. TRESemme is already the clear leader in hair spray and styling products and was the only of the leading brands to gain share in all four major segments of mass hair care, also including shampoo and conditioner, in the past year in SymphonyIRI data. Market share movement (in percentage points)* 52 weeks ended July Hair spray| Styling| Shampoo| Conditioner| Pantene| -1. 0| -0. 7| +0. 2| +0. 1| Garnier Fructis| +1. 0| -0. 4| -0. 6| -0. 3| TRESemme| +1. 5| +0. 4| +0. 7| +0. 4| Four weeks ended July 11 | Hair spray| Styling| Shampoo| Conditioner| Pantene| -0. 2| +0. 7| +0. 1| +1. 6| Garnier Fructis| +1. 3| +0. 3| -0. 3| -0. 1| TRESemme| +0. 2| Flat| +1. 1| +0. 6| *For daily hair-care categories Shampoo category excludes dandruff shampoo Source: SymphonyIRI| Another story behind the success of TRESemme is because of strategic partnership. TRESemme formed a partnership with ELLE, the number one global fashion magazine. Through the partnership, ELLE and TRESemme, along with CAA Marketing, a division of the leading entertainment and sports agency, will launch Dirty Little Secret a print and digital graphic novel series, which follows the lives of savvy, stylish and single women living in NYC. Through this series people awareness of the brand, again, highly increased. Moreover, the story of the drama is about fashion world, follows new girl in town an aspiring hairstylist and her encounters with some of the most stylish and chic women in the fashion and beauty worlds. The compelling drama also features real life TRESemmes celebrity stylist, Jeanie Syfu. TRESemmes marketing strategy is a success. However, they have weaknesses. They do not have wide range of product line, that is not as expansive in the market as other competitors. The products that are available for men use is also limited. Many people are pleased with the giant size of TRESemme products bottle, but if it is for an individual use purpose the bottle can be intimidating. V. CONCLUSION In summary, Alberto Culver International Corporated has been highly successful in promoting the brand TRESemme. Subsequently its product line has maintained a strong position within the Australian and Indonesia consumer market. Implementation of minor marketing strategical changes suggested from our research will only further provide a successful outlook for professional affordable salon standard. Refrences List http://www. tresemme. com/ http://www. unilever. com/brands-in-action/detail/TRESemm-/292124/ http://www. telegraph. co. uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/8028641/Unilever-buys-TRESemme-maker-Alberto-Culver-for-3. 7bn. html http://adage. com/article/news/marketing-tiny-tresemme-rising-top-hair-care-heap/145573/pn. newsblaze. com/story/2010052515400200001. pnw/topstory. html http://www. prnewswire. com/news-releases/tresemme-and-elle-form-strategic-partnership-for-the-innovative-new-series-dirty-little-secret-95315739. html http://www. loreal. com/_en/_ww/index. aspx?

Project Development and Implementation for Strategic Managers

Project Development and Implementation for Strategic Managers Executive Summary Project management is pivotal to business growth and development. In project management, project selection using a relevant tool is critical. Therefore, project managers should put emphasis on the best tool to use when selecting a project.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Project Development and Implementation for Strategic Managers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is prudent to note that, project cycle should be followed appropriately to ensure the success of the project implemented in handled as stipulated. This paper takes a critical and succinct analysis of three projects and subsequent selection of one project for full implementation. Project 1 Productivity system analysis and management project Productivity system analysis and management project is an online human resource management tool that will be used to analyze and manage employees’ productivity in the company. Purpose and Scop e The purpose of this project is to install an efficient employee productivity analysis and management tool. The project will cover Golden Tools Ltd Company stores in Dubai. Project Executive Summary Productivity system analysis and management is an online human resource management tool used to analyze and manage employees’ productivity. This management tool comprises of software which takes a critical analysis of each employee performance and how to improve it. Project Objective Objective Targets To increase employee productivity in the company Excellent 80%-100% Good 69%-79% Accepted50%-68% To increase customer satisfaction in the company Excellent 80%-100% Good 69%-79% Accepted50%-68% To motivate employees for better performance Excellent 80%-100% Good 69%-79% Accepted50%-68% The project strives to ensure that productivity level is maintained high in the company so that the company continues to reap from the economies of scale associated with efficient and know ledgeable employee. Management Management is pivotal for the success of a project (Deegan 2009). This is because management streamlines the operation and goal of the company towards achieving the prescribed vision. It is prudent to note that, employees play a fundamental role in overall performance of a company.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Project Design Constraints Financial constrain features prominently in this project. Future Contingencies Future technological advancement poses a great challenge to the success of a project (Kotler and Keller 2009). This is because new technology will be required to maintain the desired success of the project. Points of Contact The points of points of contact will include the following Project Manager, System Proponent, User Organization, Quality Assurance (QA) Manager, Security Manager, and Configuration Manager. Project 2 Launch of a new product Project 2 is to launch a new washing detergent product in the market. The product is a house hold consumer product which will change washing forever. Purpose and Scope The purpose of this project is to plan for launching of a new product in the market. The project will cover Golden Tools Ltd Company stores in Dubai, (U.A.E.) before it is rolled to other places around the globe. Project Executive Summary A new washing product is necessary for household. This project will give consumer an opportunity to choose one the washing detergent. Project Objective Objective Targets To increase company profits Excellent 80%-100% Good 69%-79% Accepted50%-68% To increase customer satisfaction in the company Excellent 80%-100% Good 69%-79% Accepted50%-68% The project strives to ensure that the company sells high quality products for great customer satisfactionAdvertising We will write a custom report sample on Project Development and Implementation for Str ategic Managers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Project Design Constraints Financial constrain features prominently in this project. Future Contingencies Stiff competition in the market is the future contingencies. Points of Contact The points of points of contact will include the following Project Manager, System Proponent, User Organization, Quality Assurance (QA) Manager, Security Manager, and Configuration Manager. Project 3 Customer Feedback Software Installation Customer feedback software installation project is managerial software which will monitor customer purchasing trend, reaction and feedback. The information collected is needed for strategic planning. Purpose and Scope The purpose of this project is to install an efficient Customer feedback software installation and management tool. The project will cover Golden Tools Ltd Company stores in Dubai. Project Executive Summary Customer feedback is very important in plan as well prod uct development. In this regard, this project strives to enhance customer data collection for adequate planning. Project Objective Objective targets To increase enhance customer satisfaction Excellent 80%-100% Good 69%-79% Accepted50%-68% To enhance planning in the company Excellent 80%-100% Good 69%-79% Accepted50%-68% Project Design Constraints Customer feedback software installation requires technical knowledge which will ensure that some of the employees are taken for specialized training. Another constrain is timeAdvertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Future Contingencies Future technological innovation may render the current software obsolete. Therefore, continuous upgrade will be necessary. Points of Contact The points of points of contact will include the following Project Manager, System Proponent, User Organization, Quality Assurance (QA) Manager, Security Manager, and Configuration Manager. Project selection Project selection metrics Project 1 ID Project selection metric Supporting document Supporting document Weighted point Awarded points 1 Financial favourability The project measure of financial benefits Financial spreadsheet 15 10 2 Financial Cost The project innovative nature for enhance competition Business case 15 10 3 Organizational advantage Project ability to create new product which generate high profits to the company Visions document 15 12 4 Risk The level of risk the project has to the entire business Project charter 15 10 5 Internal efficiency The project ability to enhance internal operation Proj ect charter 15 10 Total 75 52 Project 2 ID Project selection metric Supporting document Supporting document Weighted point Awarded points 1 Financial favourability The project measure of financial benefits Financial spreadsheet 15 15 2 Financial Cost The project innovative nature for enhance competition Business case 15 14 3 Organizational advantage Project ability to create new product which generate high profits to the company Visions document 15 14 4 Risk The level of risk the project has to the entire business Project charter 15 11 5 Internal efficiency The project ability to enhance internal operation Project charter 15 15 Total 75 69 Project 3 ID Project selection metric Supporting document Supporting document Weighted point Awarded points 1 Financial favourability The project measure of financial benefits Financial spreadsheet 15 10 2 Financial Cost The project innovative nature for enhance competition Business case 15 10 3 Organizational advantage Project ability to create new product which generate high profits to the company Visions document 15 10 4 Risk The level of risk the project has to the entire business Project charter 15 10 5 Internal efficiency The project ability to enhance internal operation Project charter 15 10 Total 75 50 Based on the above project selection metric, project 2 is more viable that the rest since it has high aggregate points on selection metrics. Time Value of Money Time Value of Money play a major role in the analysis of the concept of capital budgeting. The theory of Time Value of Money states that â€Å"having a dollar today is worth having a dollar a tomorrow† (Drury 1996, p. 61). Time factor is significant in the analysis of current and future returns in a business world which surrounded with several risks. WACC The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is a critical element of capital budgeting. According to Drury (1996), â€Å"the Weighted Average Cost of C apital is a measure of how much a business needs to gain on its investments annually to maintain its current overall value†(71). Towards this, entities that offer loans or buy shares will expect a certain amount of return on their investment (Deegan 2009). Internal Rate of Return Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is a process used to find out the return percentage in a new business project that offers future cash flows. In the calculation of IRR, the application of annual projected payments and the initial investment is critical. Capital Budgeting Issues While carrying out capital budgeting, the calculation of the WACC should be done for the business and the calculation of IRR for the project to be undertaken (Reiss 2007). In a situation where the IRR is greater than the WACC, then it is a viable business project and should be pursued. It is prudent to note that, financial theory would recommend pursuing all projects that have an IRR in excess of WACC, but this should be done caut iously. In addition, increasing of a company debt or selling more shares normally alters WACC since the expected return on debt and equity rise. This depicts that some projects that were profitable due to a higher IRR will no longer be viable. Demski (1994) explains that, â€Å"firms should consider the WACC not only on the basis of current return rates, but also on more debt or owners shares† (23). A critical and succinct analysis of Wheel Industries case study reveals a number of financial situations which forms the basis of the recommendation made. Planning for product launch project Research will be carried out to determine the market segment through the use of questionnaires. Purpose This oral tool of data collection gives a deeper insight to the issue in question in certain ways, for example, by giving the participants a channel to voice their challenges and their various ways of dealing with them. Strategy for implementing the project The project will be implemented th rough proper planning and execution of tasks. The use of media and social network sites will be some of the calculated strategies for implementation. Fierce marketing strategies will be implemented prior to product launch to enhance awareness. Innovative TV adverts concerning the new product will be run on several leading TV channels in Dubai. In addition, marketing will also be done on social networks. Media publicity Golden Tools Ltd will invest resources in media publicity and technology as marketing strategy. Advertisements on the Audio visual medium are significant as it gives company an opportunity to flaunt its products. Social media Social networking sites as marketing tools provide a unique experience and feature that can only be taped by exploring the existing diversity. An innovative firm such as Toyota must tap in millions social network users globally. Kotler and Amstrong (2007) highlight that, â€Å"For resources to be in tune with the emerging opportunities there is need for dynamic marketing strategies† (38). Public Involvement Employees and public are quite important in implementation process. In this regard, they will form part of the implementation strategy. Intermediaries Globalization in the retail industry has yielded results due to the platform it has created in consolidation of the worldwide supply base. In the past, a number of international corporations either have shipped parts to their offshore affiliates or have relied on the local supply bases. Segmentation Market segmentation is critical as a paradigm shift in marketing strategy in global retail industry. In this regard, The Company will concentrate in area where it has a great competitive advantage while at the same time penetrating new markets. Target Table Class Social status Occupation Population size(million) % population A Upper Middle CEO, Business owners, Top Professional 5 5 B Middle Professional 30 30 C Lower Middle Clerical, Supervisors 35 35 D Skille d working Semi-skilled 20 20 E Working Casual, low grade 10 10 Project Costing Particulars Cost($000) Marketing 100 VIP product launch 50 Planning 5 Road show promotion 15 Labour 5 Total 175 Timescales for the implementation of the project Product Launch Promotion and selling Road shows TV marketing Online marketing Packaging Product design Planning 1 day 3 days 60days 1 day 10days 2 days 15 days 40 days Period Activity Preceded by Elapsed Planning 1 Product design A 3 Packaging B 60 Online Marketing 1 TV Marketing 10 Road shows CD 2 Product launch F 15 Promotions and selling EG 40 Critical Path Conclusion Project management is a critical process which requires serious planning and implementation of activities. Therefore, it is prudent to carry out a proper project selection using the best method. Similarly, tasks should be carried out on time to ensure that costs are incurred as budgeted. This is because when tasks are carried outside the stipulated time there are cost implications which are incurred. In this regard, the above implementation of the product launch project will strictly follow the time frame for successful implementation. Reference List Deegan, C 2009, Financial accounting theory, 3rd edn, London, McGraw-Hill. Demski, SJ 1994, Managerial uses of accounting information, New York, NY, Springer. Drury, C 1996, Management and Cost Accounting, 4th edn, New York, NY, McGraw Hill/Irwin. Guthrie, J Parker, L 1990, ‘Corporate social disclosure practice’: A comparative international analysis’, Advances in Public Interest Accounting, vol.3, pp. 162. Kotlar, P 2003, ‘Marketing insights from A to Z’, 80 concepts every manager needs to know. New York, NY, John Wiley and Sons. Kotler, P Keller, K 2009, A framework for marketing management. Philadelphia, Pearson International Edition. Ko tler, P Amstrong, P 2007. Principles of Marketing. New York, NY,John Wiley and Sons Reiss, G., 2007, Project management demystified. New York, NY,Routledge,

Property & Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Property & Law - Essay Example nstitutional arrangements by diminishing substantially the role played by the church (or religious institutions more broadly) in shaping human-to-human and human-to-nature interactions† (Norton & Bieri 4). As opposed to medieval scholars, the representatives of humanism studied not the God, but humans, their relations with other people, with the state and the society. Two main directions were developed in socio-political sciences. The first is theoretical justification of a necessity to replace feudal and class inequality with legal equality fixing the right for property ownership, personality protection from religious and feudal tyranny. The second was political ideology of the lower class, predecessor of working class, which was based on the ideas of Utopian socialism. The state submits to society, which in its turn submits to a personality. Only a part of the rights of a personality, which is defined by the attitude of a person to a property is transferred to e government: t he more property, the more political rights, but also the more obligations to the state, which is guarding this property. Failure to provide the abovementioned function makes the government illegal and provides the citizens with the right for opposition. The analysis of a problem of a personality, his/her valuable attitude towards the surrounding reality became the basic principle of scientific researches of this period. Renaissance was characterized by radical reorganization of socio-political and spiritual life. Political knowledge became an autonomous trend, political problems found comprehensive reflection in humanistic literature and caused shifts in the system of political and legal thinking. Integral rights of the personality, which can’t be transferred to the state, were also defined: the rights for life, freedom, equality, property ownership. By the right of property there are essential distinctions between the European and Anglo-American systems. The European system regulation