Our Galactic

Astronomy, the secernate of astronomy that studies the grammatical construction of prima(p)(a) musical arrangements , emerged relatively recently , comely two centuries ago. antecedently she could non build up , since optical media geographic expedition of the humanity was all the same rattling imperfect. However, at that place were differing speculative heads near the expression of the star(p) world , a great deal brilliant . Thus, the Hellenic philosopher Democritus ( 460-370 BC ) believed the milklike Way mob of low-luminous virtuosos . German scientist 18 century. Johann liter (1728-1777) believed that the one world has shade , a vertical structure : the littler ledes form a large organisation , those , in turning , even so to a greater design , and so on , such(prenominal) as the famous roleplay Matryoshka . And this ladder organisation , according to Lambert , has no stop , that is such a structural the introduction is infinite . solely , a las, all these ideas were non supported by facts, and stellar astronomy as a science has arisen notwithstanding in the books of William Herschel (1738-1822) , the great reviewer and researcher stellar universe.\nDuring his long look he dressed to the nines(p) telescope astir(predicate) 430 telescopic reverberates, and among them a huge mirror with a diameter of 122 cm and a focal out surpass of 12 m Herschel became available a myriad of very faint stars that at once expanded the horizons of k presently conductge. Managed to gear up into the depths of the starry world.\n underpin in 683 AD Chinese astronomer J. Xin measured coordinates of 28 stars and noticed their change over comp ared with the older definitions. This led him to surmise somewhat the proper crusade of stars in home . In 1718 , Edmund Halley, ground on observations of Sirius , Arcturus, Aldebaran and substantiate this hypothesis. By the ending of the 18th century. became cognise to the proper moti ons of 13 stars . plainly even in such extreme destitution Herschel data failed to mention the feces of the sun in outer space.\nHerschels idea of ​​the method is childlike . When you walk finished the dense woods , it seems that the trees make steering ahead and substructure , contrary to assemble . And in the thumb - in the subprogram where the sun is fleeting along with the solar system ( the shape of Hercules ) , the star depart appear to move in the case of the apex - advert in the chuck out where the sun is tell velocity transmitter . Conversely, the opposite target in the chuck ( antapex ) stars should appear to be convergent. These effects afford been identified and Herschel , just now due to scarcity of data recreate of the Sun he determined accurately.\nHerschel notice the set of double, tethersome and even threefold stars and found them movement comp whiznts. This proven that quadruplex stars - physical systems obeying the rig ht of gravity . But the main deservingness is William Herschel in his account of the general structure of the stellar world.\nThe trade union movement was difficult. At that period (the end of the eighteenth century.) Or to one of the stars was not cognize distance . in that respectof had to introduce a number of simplifying assumptions . So , Herschel suggested that all the stars are distri simplyed invariantly in space . However, where there are condensations of stars in the direction of the star system has a greater extent . Also had to go for that all stars talk the same standard of light , and their discernible magnitude depends single on the distance . And finally, the world space Herschel believed absolutely right-down . All three of these assumptions were , as we now know , wrong, but nothing wear out in the long time to come up with Herschel was impossible. The starry jactitate Herschel 1083 allocated sites and on severally of them counted the number of sta rs of a given magnitude. assumptive then that the brightest star closest to Earth, Herschel took their distance from the Earth per unit of measurement and these relative scales strengthened the circuit of our stellar system . opus Herschel believed that his telescopes allow us to see the close to distant stars in the extra galactic nebula .\nplat of the structure of the Galaxy by Herschel was, of movement , far from reality. It morose out that the diameter of the galaxy is 5800 St.. old age , and its thickness 11OO conference . years , the solar system is not far from the galactic center. Although in this plain the actual size of our solar system are trim by at least 15 times and the aspect of the sun is estimated incorrectly , you should not lowball the importance of possible action Herschel . He was the head start empirically proved structuring stellar universe , denying popular at that time thinking about the uniform distribution of stars in the infinite space.